Izigaba Of Magnets

Izinto ze-Ferromagnetic ezifana ne-iron, i-cobalt, i-nickel noma i-ferrite zihlukile ngoba ama-electron spins angaphakathi angahlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ebangeni elincane ukuze kwakheke isifunda samagnetization esizenzakalelayo, esibizwa ngokuthi isizinda. I-magnetization yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-ferromagnetic, isizinda kazibuthe sangaphakathi ngobunono, isiqondiso somugqa ofanayo phezulu, ukuze amandla kazibuthe, akhe uzibuthe.
Zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe unomphela, njenge-aluminium nickel ne-cobalt, i-samarium cobalt, i-ndfeb, lezi nazo zijwayelekile, kazibuthe inamandla kakhulu, lezi zinto zingaba nguzibuthe wenkundla kazibuthe yensimu kazibuthe engashintshi, futhi ngemuva kokuthi i-magnetization ngokwayo inozibuthe. futhi ungashabalali. Ukwakheka kukazibuthe wokufakelwa kuncike ekusebenzeni kwamagnetization kwezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene futhi kunqunywa ngokuya ngesidingo. Uzibuthe useduze (okuthinta) into kazibuthe eyengelwa esigxotsheni esiphambene eduze nendawo eyodwa kanye nesigxobo segama elifanayo ngakolunye uhlangothi.

A. Uzibuthe wesikhashana (othambile);
Okubalulekile: I-magnetism idlula futhi iyanyamalala lapho i-magnet isusiwe. Isibonelo: izinzipho, insimbi ekhandiwe.
B. Unomphela (oqinile) uzibuthe;
Ukubaluleka: ngemva kokusebenza kazibuthe, i-magnetism ingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Isibonelo: isipikili sensimbi.

Ziningi kakhulu izigaba zikamazibuthe, ngizovele ngithi lapha:
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinto kazibuthe:
Eyokuqala izinto zikazibuthe ezingapheli (ezaziwa nangokuthi uzibuthe oqinile) : impahla ngokwayo inezici zokulondolozwa kazibuthe.
Okwesibili i-soft magnetism (iphinde ibize i-electrify) : isidingo sangaphandle sokwenza ugesi sikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe, siyisicaba yizibuthe othi, iwukukhomba izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo.
Kukhona futhi izigaba ezimbili zezinto ezibonakalayo kazibuthe:
Isigaba sokuqala yilesi: ingxubevange izinto kazibuthe unomphela kuhlanganise ezingavamile umhlaba unomphela izinto kazibuthe (ndfeb Nd2Fe14B), SmCo (samarium cobalt), NdNiCO (neodymium nickel cobalt).
Isigaba sesibili yizinto ezisebenza kazibuthe zeFerrite, ezihlukaniswe i-Sintered Ferrite, i-Ferrite Magnet eboshiwe kanye nomjovo we-Ferrite ngokuya ngezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Lezi zinqubo ezintathu zihlukaniswe ngozibuthe be-isotropic kanye ne-heterotropic ngokuya ngokuma okuhlukile kwamakristalu kazibuthe.